“FREAK” -- Factoring attack on RSA-EXPORT Keys

FREAK attack allows an attacker to intercept the SSL/TLS traffic between the vulnerable client & server and force them to use week encryption, typically Export Grade encryption (i.e, 512 bit RSA key exchange), which an attacker can break and steal the confidential data.

FREAK attack was announced on March 3, 2015 and was discovered by Karthikeyan Bhargavan at INRIA in Paris.

The FREAK attack is possible when a vulnerable browser connects to a susceptible web server—a server that accepts “export-grade” encryption.

Vulnerable TLS Clients-

OpenSSL - Versions before 1.0.1

Vulnerable Web Browsers-

Chrome - Versions before 41

Android Browsers - Vulnerable as they rarely gets updates

Acknowledgements -

http://blog.cryptographyengineering.com/2015/03/attack-of-week-freak-or-factoring-nsa.html

https://www.smacktls.com/

https://freakattack.com/

Availability of 5 GHz WLAN Channels in India under unlicensed band

Availability of 5 GHz WLAN Channels in India under unlicensed band In India, Wireless Planning and Coordination Wing of Department of Telecom, under Ministry of Communication takes care of licensing of radio frequencies. In the latest National Frequency allocation plan 2018 (https://dot.gov.in/sites/default/files/NFAP%202018.pdf), Government of India (GoI), exempted the licensing requirements of the following radio frequency ranges for wireless usage and a gazette notification has also published for this (https://dot.gov.in/sites/default/files/License%20Exemption%20in%205%20GHz%20G_S_R_1048%28E%29%20dated%2022nd%20October%2C%202018_0.pdf) -- 1. 5150-5250 2. 5250-5350 3. 5470-5725 4. 5725-5875 References

Identity PSK ( iPSK)

With the evolution of IoT (Internet of Things), devices that connect wirelessly have increased many folds. From webcams, Smartwatches, fitness bands, firestick, Alexa, Google Home, and many more.., everything is going wireless for connectivity and so does the security threat. The main concern with IoT devices is the unavailability of the full wireless protocol stack (and in the majority of devices, support of 802.1x is not available). So, previously we only have the WPA-PSK option for connecting the IoT devices. In WPA*-PSK (WPA or WPA2) WLAN, a Pre-Shared Key (PSK) is configured and distributed to all the clients that connect to the WLAN. This leads to PSK leakage, and it can be accessible to unauthorized users (due to the nature of common PSK across all the devices). Therefore, there was a need to provision unique PSK or Multiple PSK per SSID. Identity-PSKs are unique pre-shared keys created for clients/groups on the same WLAN. Features of iPSK:- 1.Unique PSK for individual Cli

Summary report of APNIC 55 (APRICOT 2023) Meeting held in Manila, Philippines

APNIC Logo The APNIC 55 meeting was held in Manila, Philippines from 20th Feb to 02nd March 2023. The meeting was hosted by PhNOG, The Philippine Network Operators Group (PhNOG) and supported by DOST- Advanced Science and Technology Institute. Every year, APNIC conferences are held twice, the first of each year is held in conjunction with APRICOT and the second one is a standalone conference. The last such meeting held in India was in 2012, APNIC 33 (which was in conjunction with APRICOT 2012). APNIC 55 meeting was unique in multiple senses – i. Firstly, because of the possibility of potential hijack [1] [2][3] of the APNIC Executive Council by Cloud Innovation Ltd. / Larus foundation / NRS, the same organizations which have dragged AFRINIC (RIR for African Continent) into the Mauritius supreme court and at one point nearly halted the AFRINIC operations by getting its bank accounts frozen (over 25 lawsuits have been filed against AFRINIC by Cloud Innovation Ltd.). Number

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